El presente del subjuntivo
El uso – The subjunctive mood is used to express wish, want, hope, preference, emotion, doubt, denial, suggestion, advice, need, demand, etc.
La formación del presente del subjuntivo –
1. Go to the first person singular form. (yo)
2. Take off the –o.
3. Add the following endings.
-ar -er/-ir
e emos a amos
es éis as ais
e en a an
Verbs that are irregular in the first person singular (yo) will be irregular in the present subjunctive.
1. verbos “yogo” 6. verbos –car, -gar, -zar
pongo - ponga busque, pegue, cace
2. verbos –cer, -cir (excepto decir, hacer) 7. verbos “bota” –ar, -er
conocer -conozca pensar - piense, pensemos
volver - vuelva, volvemos
3. verbos –uir 8. verbos “bota” -ir
concluir - concluya morir - muera, muramos
mentir - miente, mintamos
4. verbos –guir 9. irregulares– saber (sepa),
perseguir - persiga ir (vaya), haber (haya)
5. verbos –ger, gir dar (dé), ser(sé). estar (esté)
recoger - recoja
Subjunctive indicators for fórmula 1
To prefer (ie) to be worried
To make to hope
To order to doubt
To insist -insistir one hopes - ojalá
To be happy - alegrarde de to hate - odiar
To lament - lamentar to detest - detestar
To want (ie)- querer to implore - omplorar
To require (ie) -requerir to be surprised - sorprenderse de
To wish - desear to not believe - no creer
To fear - temer to not think - no pensar
To be scared - tener miedo to feel - sentir etc.
Fórmula 1 - There must be two separate clauses with two separate subjects and a subjunctive indicator as the first verb for the subjunctive to be used in the dependent clause. The subjunctive can mean the infinitive, the present tense or the future tense.
(Sujeto 1) + Verbo 1 (subjunctive indicator) + QUE + (Sujeto 2) + Verbo 2 (subjuntivo)
1. Ms. Catch wants her students to get a good grade.
La Srta. Catch quiere que sus estudiantes saquen una buena nota.
2. I hope that you will come to my party.
Espero que vengas a mi fiesta.
3. I’m sorry you are ill.
Siento que estés tan enfermo.
*Note – When subject 1 and subject 2 are the same use the infinitive as your second verb.
The students hope they graduate. - Los estudiantes quieren graduarse.
Subjunctive indicators for fórmula 2
To tell (i) - decir to impede (i) -impedir
To demand - exegir to recommend (ie) - recomendar
To suggest -sugerir to beg (ue) - rogar
To prohibit - prohibir to advise - aconsejar
To permit - permitir to ask (i) - pedir
To allow - dejar etc.
Fórmula 2
(Sujeto 1) + idop + verbo 1 (subj. indicator) + (Sujeto 2) + que + verbo 2(subjuntivo)
1. The teacher recommends that her students be quiet.
La maestra les recomienda a sus estudiantes que estén callados.
2. I beg you to come visit us. - Te ruego que vengas a visitarnos.
3. The principal prohibits the boys from smoking in the bathroom.
El director les prohibe a los estudiantes que fumen en los servicios.
Impersonal expressions for fórmula 3
It’s necessary it’s a shame
It’s doubtful it’s possible
It’s impossible it’s probable
It’s improbable it’s bad
It’s horrible it’s important
It’s recommended it’s better
it’s marvelous it’s interesting
it’s worse it’s incredible
it’s phenomenal it’s terrible
it seems like a lie it doesn’t seem
it’s enough it’s better - más vale
it’s not evident it’s not certain
it’s not true it’s not clear
it’s not obvious it’s not sure
**The following expressions do not use the subjunctive because they indicate certainty:
Es evidente es verdad es obvio Resulta
Es cierto esta claro es seguro
Fórmula 3
Expresión impersonal + que + sujeto 2 + verbo(subjuntivo)
1. It's incredible that it is already March. - Es increíble que ya sea marzo.
2. It's probable that we will graduate this year. - Es probable que nos graduemos
este año.
BUT
1. It's true that we will have a lot of homework tonight. Es verdad que tendremos
mucha tarea esta noche.
2. It's clear the students study little. - Está claro que los estudiantes estudian poco.
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